May Tour for the Association for Gravestone Studies

This walk is designed for out-of-town visitors to historic Oak Hill cemetery, who might not recognize local names from city street and county road names or from historic buildings or parks.  The walk is a fairly compact circle walk that showcases selected outstanding monuments and headstones, and mentions some names that might be familiar to people coming from outside of Rock County.  It also shows how the symbols in the chapel stained glass are repeated in some of the headstones and monuments.

Oak Hill cemetery today covers more than 90 acres, and contains more than 24,000 graves, about half its capacity.  The oldest blocks are located on either side of the road that runs uphill to the right of the chapel, and this walk is limited to these areas.  Although there are thousands of interesting monuments dedicated to Rock County residents, there are hundreds of unmarked burials as well, so when you see an open space, do not assume the space is empty.  At Oak Hill it is nearly impossible to avoid treading on the dead.  

There are some fairly famous people buried here, from military heroes from many conflicts such as Medal of Honor recipient James E. Croft, to athletes like race car driver Stan Fox or lightweight boxing champion Sammy Mandell, to politicians such as congressman Stephen Bolles.  There is even the third director of the National Park Service, Arno Cammerer, who has a peak in the Great Smoky Mountains named after him.  Then of course there is George Parker, who founded the world famous Parker Pen Company.

Oak Hill is Janesville's oldest operating burial ground, but not its first.  The first cemetery was located where Jefferson Park is now, in the old Courthouse Hill neighborhood.  This first cemetery served the area's earliest pioneer settlers, most of whom came to Rock County in the 1830's and 1840's, many of them Yankees from New England.  Janesville grew quickly, and by 1851 city leaders decided to build a public high school on the site of the original village cemetery.  This caused an outcry for a number of reasons, not the least of which was that the early settlers buried in that location had to be dug up and carted across town to the new cemetery and re-interred, on land outside the city limits donated by the Rock County Board of Supervisors, Oak Hill.

For many years the Oak Hill Cemetery Association oversaw the operation and maintenance of the burial ground.  They sold lots, paved roads, planted trees and bushes, maintained fences, fountains and gardens, and in 1899-1900 built the chapel, whose renovation is nearly complete.  The cemetery association was dissolved several  years ago, and the cemetery is currently being operated and maintained by the City of Janesville.

Oak Hill is is an example of a rural garden cemetery, similar to, though smaller than cemeteries like Mount Auburn cemetery, near Boston, or Forest Home in Milwaukee.  It was designed to celebrate nature, with roads and paths that follow the contours of the land, landscaping and gardens, and many mature trees.  It was intended to be, besides a place to respectfully bury loved ones, a beautiful public park where people could go to enjoy nature, perhaps even enjoy a picnic.  The monuments and headstones in these rural cemeteries, unlike the practical low maintenance markers popular today, tended to be vertical in a style which demonstrates the popularity of classical Greek and Roman architecture, and all things Egyptian.  So visitors see columns and obelisks, urns, sculptures, and monuments that resemble small temples.  Around the time that Oak Hill was established technical advancements made it easier to carve and transport very hard stone, so while there are many markers carved in soft limestone and marble, we also see many carved in durable granite.

The first stop on the walk is at the hillside vault of the family of Ithamar Conkey Sloan.  Sloan was a congressman who served during Abraham Lincoln's administration, and was associated with the University of Wisconsin law school.  Today there are only two family vaults at Oak Hill, this one and one on the other side of the road, that belonged to the Follansbee family.  Originally these vaults had marble facings, with the names of family members engraved on them, but all these decorations are now gone, either due to weathering or vandalism.  I know of two other vaults here that have been removed.  Before the chapel was built there was a vault for storing bodies in the winter, when the ground was too hard to dig, and the Judd family had a vault, but they tore it down in 1908 and reburied family members in traditional graves which we'll see later.

I.C. Sloan family vault (block 6)

One of the newly restored stained glass windows in the chapel features a lamb and flag, which is a visual representation of Jesus as the Lamb of God.  Most of the lambs on headstones here at Oak Hill are similar to this one for young George Carle.  Lambs can also represent innocence.

George Carle lamb (block 6)

There are two family monuments at Oak Hill which are in the shape of a tree trunk with lopped off limbs representing departed family members.  Monuments like these used to be fairly common, and it's fun to try and spot them in a wooded cemetery.  This one is for the Orin Dearborn family, and it features twining ivy and a cross.  Notice the small carved logs that mark the boundaries of the plot. Orin Dearborn was a Baptist minister here in Janesville.

Rev. Orin Dearborn family tree monument (block 16)

When I take people on tours of the cemetery this headstone is always a favorite.  Gerald "Dad" Braisher was Packer football coach Vince Lombardi's equipment manager.  Mr. Braisher was the person who designed the now famous Packer "G" seen on the helmet here.

Gerald Braisher - Packer "G" logo (block 23)

We're stopping at the family monument of Capt. William Dick Cargill, both because it is a lovely featuring lilies and palm fronds, but because the Cargill name is so widely known.  Captain Cargill was born in the Orkney Islands of Scotland and sailed out of Scotland first, and later out of Long Island.  His wife Edna was reported to have hated the sea, and did not want any of her four sons to grow up near it.  So Capt. Cargill retired to Rock County and became a gentleman farmer, and their sons founded the Cargill grain business that eventually became the agribusiness giant we know today.

Capt. William Dick Cargill family monument (block 23)

This stop at the Kimball family plot is to see the beautiful monument belonging to Josie Kimball Conant.  Her parents ran a successful hardware business here and in Missouri, and she  married Conant in 1879.  Her rustic cradle monument features a rock wall, various flowers, ferns, ivy, and a curbed area that originally held a flower bed.  Watch out walking here - there are woodchuck burrows!

Josie Kimball Conant -  rusticated flower bed (block 97)

This block is dedicated to members of the W.H. Sargent Post No. 20 of the G.A.R., Grand Army of the Republic.   More than 2, 800 Rock County men served in the Civil War, and the local G.A.R. Post was organized in 1881 with 42 charter members, and was named after Lt. W.H. Sargent of the 8th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment who was killed in 1864 in Tennessee.  Some of these stones mark actual burials and some are cenotaphs.  The corners of the block are marked by small cannon muzzles and cannon balls.  Interestingly, W.H. Sargent is buried elsewhere in the cemetery.

W.H. Sargent Post No. 20 G.A.R.  (block 99)

Just a quick stop here to mention on of my favorite unusual names here at Oak Hill.  There are lots of interesting names, like Electa Bangs, Joe Blow, or Manley Fish.  But I like Orlando Florida's name especially well.  One of the men who mows grass in the summer told me when his supervisor asked him how far he got in his mowing, he replied "as far as Orlando Florida."

 

Orlando Florida (block 101)

Up the road from the Florida family, and across from the Tallman plot is a large wooded area that have relatively few headstones.  This is the public grounds, also known as the Potter's Field area of Oak Hill, where those who cannot afford to purchase a cemetery plot are buried.  There are many indigent men and women, itinerant workers, and children buried here.  Sometimes the families added a headstone later, so some of the burials are marked, but most are not.

Public Grounds (Potter's Field, block 121, 122, 123)

The impressive red granite monument here marks the plot of the William Morrison Tallman family.  Today the Tallmans' homes are maintained and operated as public attractions by the Rock County Historical Society.  William Morrison Tallman's house is a lovely brick home where Abraham Lincoln really did spend a couple of nights when he was running for President.   The pretty white marble monument featuring a young woman pointing toward heaven next to the family monument is dedicated to Augusta Tallman Beach, who died as a young wife in Chicago.

Augusta Beach and the Tallman family (block 89)

Elias Childs was a stone cutter from New York, and while his headstone is plain, those of his wife and daughter are anything but plain.  Dia and Frances Childs' stone is a pair of short tree trunks on a low wall of rocks, each with a scroll, rope tied in a knot, and rose - in one in full bloom and one in bud. 

Dia Childs and daughter's rusticated headstone (block 86)

I do not know very much about Ephraim Spalding, other than he was the son of a veteran of the War of 1812, but I have always admired the sheaf of wheat that marks his resting place.  You probably remember the same symbol on the window in the chapel, representing a life come to fruition.

Ephraim Spalding - Sheaf of Wheat (block 75)

Notice the small marker dedicated to "Ira," with the symbol of the anchor.  This symbol might stand for the idea of hope, or safety, or even be a veiled reference to the holy cross.

Ira - Anchor (block 75)

 

If you look across the road you'll see a large monument dedicated to Janesville Freemasons  Many headstones at Oak Hill feature the compass and square, this monument features Masonic symbols on each of the four faces of the marker, including the cross and crown of the Knights Templar, which you will remember from the window in the chapel.

Masonic Monument - Knights Templar symbol of cross and crown (block 157)

Speaking of Masonic symbols, this headstone marking the final resting place of Charles A. Brown, features a broken column, a weeping virgin with a book, and a sprig of acacia, an urn, and Father Time holding a scythe.  All are symbols of mortality, but this particular image is related to Freemasonry.  Charles Brown was a dedicated Mason.

Charles Brown - Father Time and the Weeping Virgin (block 91)

It is unfortunate that Thomas Nichols' headstone has recently toppled.  I've always liked the image of the train car on his marker.  In life he was a conductor for the Chicago and Northwestern railroad.

Thomas Nichols - train car (block 91)

 George Bentley fought for the Union in the Civil War, and was killed in Perryville, Kentucky, in 1862.  His impressive stone includes a shield, sword, and his cap.

Capt. George Bentley - cap, shield and sword (block 91)

Heading back toward the chapel off to the left it is easy to miss the other large tree monument at Oak Hill, dedicated to the family of  Henry Culver.  Culver, originally from New York, made his fortune in manufacturing in New England, and later in life moved to Rock county to farm.  The monument features many unique touches including a cross, a book at the base of the tree with family names inscribed, and even a tiny mouse.

Henry Culver family tree monument (block 83)

This is the family plot for the James Crosby family.  Crosby was a wealthy man from New York who  came to Janesville in 1852 and became the general manager of the Harris Manufacturing Company, and later an was an officer of the Rock County National Bank.  He is buried here with his wife Andalusia, and daughters Alice and Jessie.  I like to think the pretty girl featured on their monument represents their daughter Alice, who died as a schoolgirl in New York of scarlet fever.   The figure points to heaven, and holds a scroll and an anchor, and there is also a dove similar to the one featured on the chapel window.

James Crosby and family - lady, dove, anchor (block 30)

 The tall gray granite obelisk ahead marks the burial spot of Judge Edward Whiton, a man important in Wisconsin history.  Originally from Massachusetts, he came to the Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and became a member of the Wisconsin Territory assembly the following year.  When Wisconsin became a state in 1848, Whiton was elected circuit judge, and joined four other circuit judges to form the first Wisconsin Supreme Court.  He was elected chief justice in 1853, and served with integrity and honesty.

Judge Edward Whiton and family (block 35)

You may remember the memorial window in the chapel dedicated to William Starr Judd.  The young boy was the son of Dr. William Judd, a well respected local doctor who came from a family of physicians.  The son died from diphtheria after accompanying his father to a patient's home during a local outbreak, and became infected himself. 

Dr. William Judd and family - memorial window in chapel (block 38)

Our last stop today is at the family plot of several family members of Carrie Jacobs Bond, widely considered the first great American woman composer, who penned The End of a Perfect Day, and I Love You Truly. Carrie is buried in California, but her second husband, Frank Lewis Bond, is buried here.  He married Carrie in 1888, and died only seven years later after suffering a fall.  Hannibal Jacobs and Mary Davis Jacobs Minor, Carrie's parents, are also buried here.

Dr. Frank Lewis Bond and family - husband of Carrie Jacobs Bond (block 39)

This concludes today's tour.  I hope you had a "perfect day" here at Oak Hill, and enjoyed getting a little overview of this lovely cemetery.  Thank you for coming, and please watch your step on the road as you return.

Remembering Veterans - One

This week we celebrate Veterans Day, so I thought I would suggest a couple walks that feature people who served their country through service in the military.  I know that technically Veterans Day is supposed to honor those who died while in military service, but I am not making that distinction with the people included here; all simply served with distinction. I struggle sometimes in trying to decide how to include service men and women in walks, since there are so many of them, and since military history is not my special area of knowledge.  That said, I don't want to ignore veterans.

All the folks featured in this walk, and the next one I will share, are featured in the book Memory Walks in Oak Hill, written in 2008 by local historian Maurice Montgomery.  Monty was an enthusiastic researcher, and wrote about each person in detail.  I only provide highlights here, so I recommend that you read his book if you want more.  In addition, you can visit Find a Grave, for additional information and some photographs.

As always, dress for the weather, and bring along your map (or get one from the cemetery office).

1.  George Morton Randall (block 20) George Randall's headstone is up the hill behind the chapel.  George was born in Ohio in 1841, and was about twenty when his family moved to Janesville. At the beginning of the Civil War he enlisted in the 4th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry as a private, and served with honor, advancing to lieutenant at the battle of Antietam. He stayed in the army and participated in the Indian wars after the Civil War, participating in military expeditions against the Indians at Big Horn, Powder River and Yellowstone. Eventually he was put in command of Fort Reno in the Oklahoma Territory. During the Spanish-American War he was stationed in Cuba, and later in 1900 he was sent by President McKinley to the Alaskan Territory, to help keep order during the gold rush. In 1903 he was sent to the Philippines to work on the pacification of the native people there.  He retired in 1905, and in 1918, he died in Colorado. 

2.  William H. Sargent (block 63) Look for a narrow stone tablet with an eagle and shield. Sargent was born in England in 1840, and emigrated with his father and siblings to this area about 1855. He served as a carrier for the Janesville Gazette, and volunteered for the local Water Witch Engine Company - the fire department.  In 1860 he married Clara F. Spencer, daughter of the local fire chief, and a year later the Civil War broke out.  Sargent became a member of Company G, 8th Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers. He saw much action in St. Louis, Cairo, Corinth, Vicksburg, and Nashville.  William Sargent was killed in the second day of fighting at Nashville, the Battle of Fort Negley, shot through the heart.

3.  Justus Perry Wheeler (block 81) You are looking for a gray obelisk; the section with Justus Wheeler's name has been damaged, though it is readable. Wheeler was born in 1782 in Massachusetts. He studied law, and while a young man served with honor in the War of 1812. After the war he moved to New York where he married Lucy Culver and raised a family of ten children. By 1840 they had moved to Rock County and owned a substantial farm in the town of La Prairie. In 1851 he was one of the organizers of the first Rock County fair, which showcased and promoted local agriculture.  Justus Wheeler died in 1872.

4.  George Bentley (block 91) At the crest of the hill there is a marble block with a slightly inclined top, a Union soldier's cap, drawn sword and shield. This is the monument to George Bentley, who died in battle Oct. 8, 1862.  He was born in Connecticut in 1831, so he was only 31 when he was killed at Perryville, Kentucky. He was a member of Company H, 21st Infantry Regiment of Wisconsin. According to the local newspaper, his funeral was large and elaborate, including a military escort, a band, clergy, representative of the railroad where he worked prior to the war, and many friends.

5.  James E. Croft: (block 99) Find the small gray granite headstone for James Croft very near the G.A.R. memorial section.  Croft was from Yorkshire, England, and came to Janesville as a young man. In 1862 he enlisted in the 12th Wisconsin Battery, Light Artillery, and was in many battles, especially in Tennessee and Georgia. He was awarded the Medal of Honor while serving at the rank of private for his bravery in action on October 5, 1864 at Allatoona, Georgia. His citation reads "Took the place of a gunner who had been shot down and inspired his comrades by his bravery and effective gunnery, which contributed largely to the defeat of the enemy."

6.  G.A.R. Memorial (block 99) The Grand Army of the Republic was a fraternal organization for Union soldiers, designed to benefit veterans in both political and social spheres - much as organizations such as the VFW and American Legion do today.  It encouraged "Decoration Day" events to remember fallen soldiers, established retirement homes and hospitals and their wives, cared for indigent soldiers and more.  Members had military style uniforms with badges, medals and ribbons.  There was a women's auxiliary group called the Woman's Relief Corp.  These woman are not buried here, bu many have distinctive flag holders near their headstones.

The local GAR post, called the W. H. Sargent Post 20, was established in 1881. Soon after organizing, the post bought 4 lots in block 99 at Oak Hill as a military burial park for Civil War soldiers.  If you look at burial dates, those that indicate death prior to 1883 are cenotaphs, that is there is no body. The stone is simply a memorial.  Burials after 1883 are traditional.  This area has been kept up nicely by volunteers, including the local D.A.R. It is interesting to note that the boundaries of the area are marked by posted created from cannon muzzles and balls. Be aware that this area only contains a small number of Civil War burials; other are scattered throughout the cemetery.

7.  Dr. Henry Palmer (block 51) Henry Palmer's headstone is on the side of the hill along the main road. You can see the Palmer monument from the road. Henry Palmer was one of the most respected and influential men in Janesville during his life. Born in New York in 1827 in a farming family, for a time he taught public school to earn money for his own medical school.  He became a skilled physician and surgeon, opening offices first in New York state, and later here in Janesville, where he joined Dr. Robert Treat. He enlisted as regiment surgeon for the 7th Wisconsin Infantry, the "Iron Brigade" when the Civil War broke out. Later he was posted to York Military hospital in Pennsylvania, where he instituted improvements in cleanliness, nutrition, and treatment that greatly reduced patient mortality.  At one point when the hospital was attacked by Confederate troops, Palmer hid the sickest and armed those able to fight to repel the attack.  He was captured, but escaped and returned to his duties at the hospital. After the war he was in charge of Camp Douglas in Chicago for a time, but finally returned to medical practice in Janesville.  He also served as mayor of the city.